Gallnut, Chinese Gall Extract Powder 10:1, 20:1, 50:1 TLC
【Other names】: Gall Apple, Nutgall, Cecidien
【Botanical source】: Rhus chinensis Mill.
【Part used】: Fruit
【Specification】: 10:1, 20:1, 50:1 TLC
【Extraction solvents】: Water
【Appearance】: Brownish fine powder
【Particle size】: 95% pass 80 mesh size
【Main ingredients】: The main component of gallnut is tannins (up to 60-70%), among which gallnut tannins are the main ones, which hydrolyze to produce gallic acid and glucose. It also contains starch, fat, resin, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Its strong pharmacological activities such as convergence, antibacterial, and antioxidant are mainly attributed to the high content of tannic acid and gallic acid.
【Storage conditions】：Store at room temperature in a sealed manner, away from light, and in a ventilated, cool, and dry environment.
【Shelf life】： 24 months from the production date

Gallnut, Chinese Gall Extract Powder Production Flowchart
Gallnut raw materials -Coarse powder(40 mesh) -Low temperature water extraction – 1^st Reflux Extraction(10 times water,2 Hrs) – 2^nd Reflux Extraction8 times water,1.5 Hrs) – 3rd Reflux Extraction(6 times water,1 Hrs) – Extraction Solution-combine&Filtrate-Concentrate-Extractum-spray drying – screening – packaging – detection of physical and chemical indicators – warehousing

Specification Sheet of Gallnut, Chinese Gall Extract Powder

Extended Reading
Modern Research on Chinese Gall Extract

1. Chemical Components:
   Chinese Gall is a pathological excrescence formed by the aphid Melaphis chinensison plants of the Rhusgenus, primarily Rhus chinensis. Its composition is dominated by:

• Hydrolyzable Tannins (Galla Tannins): Constitute 50-80% of the dry weight. The core compound is 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), which undergoes hydrolysis to yield gallic acid and glucose.
• Phenolic Acids: Gallic acid, methyl gallate, syringic acid, and ellagic acid.
• Flavonoids: Such as quercetin and myricetin derivatives.
• Polysaccharides & Others: Contains small amounts of plant polysaccharides, starches, and resins.

2. Health Benefits (Evidence-Based):

• Antimicrobial & Antiviral: Extensively documented. The tannins, particularly PGG and gallic acid, disrupt microbial cell walls/membranes and inhibit enzymes. It shows potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Candida albicans, influenza virus, and herpes simplex virus.
• Astringent & Antidiarrheal: The high tannin content precipitates proteins, forming a protective layer on mucous membranes, reducing secretions, and inhibiting intestinal hypermotility.
• Antioxidant & Anti-inflammatory: Gallic acid and flavonoids are strong free radical scavengers. PGG and gallic acid inhibit key pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., NF-κB, COX-2).
• Anticancer Potential: In vitro and animal studies show PGG and gallic acid induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in various cancer cell lines (e.g., breast, lung, prostate) via modulation of multiple signaling pathways.
• Dental & Oral Health: Widely used in dental adhesives and mouthwashes for its astringency and ability to inhibit cariogenic bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus mutans) and tighten gingival tissue.

3. Interactions & Warnings:

• Drug Absorption: Due to its high protein-binding (astringent) property, it may reduce the absorption of alkaloid and mineral-based drugs if taken simultaneously. A 2-3 hour separation from other medications is advised.
• Iron Deficiency: Tannins can chelate non-heme iron, potentially exacerbating iron-deficiency anemia if consumed in large quantities over time.
• Liver & Kidney Toxicity: While generally safe at typical doses, extremely high doses of concentrated tannins may cause hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity in animal models. Use with caution in individuals with pre-existing severe liver or kidney disease.
• Constipation: Its strong astringent effect can cause or worsen constipation, especially in individuals with a tendency toward it.

4. Taboos & Contraindications:

• Pregnancy & Lactation: Contraindicated due to insufficient safety data and potential for irritation.
• External Sores with Pus (“Yang Sores” in TCM): Traditionally contraindicated for early-stage, pus-filled infections where drainage is needed, as its premature astringency may “trap the pathogen.”
• Wind-Cold Exterior Syndrome: Contraindicated in TCM for early-stage colds with cough, as its astringent property may prevent the expulsion of pathogens.

5. Applications:

• Pharmaceuticals: Key ingredient in astringent formulations for diarrhea, ulcers, and excessive sweating. A source for industrial extraction of gallic acid and tannic acid.
• Dentistry: In dental cement, cavity varnishes, and mouthwash for its antimicrobial and tissue-tightening properties.
• Cosmetics & Personal Care: Used in astringent toners, deodorants, and anti-acne products for its oil-reducing and antibacterial effects.
• Food & Industry: As a preservative and clarifying agent. Traditionally used in tanning leather and making inks.
• Research Compound: PGG and gallic acid are studied as lead compounds for developing new antimicrobial and chemopreventive agents.

References:

1. Yang, J., et al. (2021). A comprehensive review on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and quality control of Galla Chinensis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 281, 114531.
2. Deng, J., et al. (2018). Antibacterial activity and mechanism of gallic acid and its esters against Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control, 94, 255-261.
3. Zhang, J., et al. (2009). 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, a hydrolysable tannin from Galla Chinensis, inhibits the proliferation and migration of human hepatoma cells. Cancer Letters, 279(1), 108-114.
4. Liu, Q., et al. (2017). Antiviral activity of Galla Chinensis extract against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Natural Medicines, 71(4), 679-687.
5. Li, Y., et al. (2014). Tannins from Galla Chinensis: A review of their chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Phytochemistry Reviews, 13(4), 873-890.
6. Fan, F. Y., et al. (2016). The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Galla Chinensis in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 12(46), 177-181.

Note: This summary is for informational purposes. It may interact with medications and is contraindicated in certain conditions. Consult a healthcare professional before therapeutic use, particularly regarding its estrogenic activity.